Process of manufacturing fodder-cakes.



PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FODDER CAKES.

APPLICATION FILED numso, 1910.

1,007,622. Patented 0ct. 31,1911

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.. g fiw m E. WURL. PROCESS OF MAN UFAOTURING FODDER CAKES. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 30, 1910.

1,007,622. Patented 001. 31, 1911.

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PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING FODDER-CAKES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

. Patented Oct. 31, 19M.

\ Application filed Marcli 30, 1910. Serial No. 552,322.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDUARD What, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Prague, in Bohemia, Austria- Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Manufacturing Fodder-Cakes, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of lasting pressed cakes from plants and fodder and from industrial by-products and waste material, such, for instance, as grass, roots, tubers, fruits, from the waste products of the difiusion process insugar manufacture, from the spent wash and other liquors obtained in spirit distilleries, from pulp and the like.

The invention comprises the following steps: At first the material is partly dried in the ordinary manner either in the air or in drying apparatus. Before the water conrated, the material is subjected to a special operation intended to render it homogeneous. The pur ose ofthis operation is to impart to all portions of the material a uniformity in elasticity particularly favorable for the subse uent manufacture of pressed cakes. For t is purpose, the material is withdrawn from the drier before it has reached thedegree of dryness required for its storage as preserved fodder; that is, While still in a condition in which it would unavoidably decay if stored. This stage isv reached toward the end of the drying operation, and, since, during the drying operation as ordinarily carried out, the dried material never possesses an equal degree of dryness at the same time, the aforesaid condition can practically be distinguished b the fact that a certain portion of the drie material will be very dry and brittle to-the touch, whereas the remainder of the material still contains some water, and, therefore, is still soft. If, then, the drying of the material be continued in the usual manner, the final product would be a dried material incapable of being immediately pressed into cakes; on the contrary, to render the material suitable for pressing, it would be necessary to again moisten and heat it, since all portions thereof will have attained a higher degree of dryness than is desired for the pressing operation.

According to the present invention, the

arts of plants serving as drying of the material is not, as is customary, completed, butwhen the material is in the above-described condition, it is broughtv into a chamber wherein the drying operation in the presence of artificial heat is continued. In this chamber, which is heated and is provided with steam outlet openings, an operation takes place by which the treated material is in an extremely short time prepared for the subsequent pressing in the following manner. In the course of this treatment, those portions of the material which have been brought during the preceding drying operation to a high degree of dryness, take up a part of the steam which is still escaping from the portions of the material that are still in a moist condition,

and, hence, the said dry portions again become plastic and soft. The excess of moisture which might be injurious to the preservation of the fodder material is-al lowed to escape in the form of steam through regulatable openings in the walls of the chamber. In consequence of this treat- ,ment, an equalization of the moisture in all portions of the material is produced, whereby the most favorable preliminary conditions are attained for the pressing operation, and the amount of moisture in the material which is being dried in the homogenizing chamber is reduced to the degree that is mostsuitable for the subsequent manufacture of the cakes.

Wherethe material tobe treated is initially dried ina drier, the process forming the subject of the present invention can be carried out either in that drier itself or in a special apparatus adjoining the same. In

this manner, the time and fuel consumed during the entire process (drying and pressing). can be considerably reduced, and, conxsequently, the process itself is considerably simplified as compared with the known process for the manufacture of fodder cakes, because both the time that would be required for the final operation of drying the material in the drylng apparatus and the quantity of heat required for that purpose are already utilized for the preliminary treatment of the material in order to shape it into blocks or cakes.

Where the fodder material has been su mitted to a preliminary drying operation'in the open air, a savin in time and a simplification of the entlre process of preservation are, also, attained, because the operheating; to which. the material is ation of said upper portion or? the chamber also subjected and, it desired, the simultaneous o 9 liming Op 8 5 h li ti Pressure ill, ga cover is provided for the purpose of fttltflllltime, elttect the necessary reduction of the ng in o the discharge spout E of the flue a moisture in the material and serve to pre thfi 'e' which QXhmlSl? int-0 Said film 7e pare the material for the final pressing" optroin the drier, so that in case the material oration The subsequentpressing operation. passing in the spout Still n ains o of the material thus prepared into cakes or much moisture said cover may be opened to blocks may be performed in any suitabl the proper extent and the eases allowed to i manner, and, before being finally delivered FL W directly into contact with the inaterla-l, for storage or shipping", the cakes lrept os bjc t he me t a further dryingin for some time under a constant pressure, in this lnstance, a counter-current will be setasinuch as their phy ical stru tur uir up, since the action oi the exhauster that this proceeding, communicates with the horizontal upper tlue Before the final pressing operation, grain. S WH Will nd to w a portion or the so or other nutritiousvegetable substances may gases mi In he p u into and be added to the treated material without any m g h mb r A, t ese gases being further. mcistening of the same with steam caused to flow rearwardly through said i or with any extraneous binding agents, chamber and to 'eahaust therefrom through so The above-described process may be carthe a e (Willing ried out in the apparatus illustrated in the @n the shaft F is mounted a tan l-l whose agcgmpanj jpg d j- 0's i hj h wings or blades agitate the material issuing Figure 1 is a view oi the drying apparatus into spout E from chamber A, thus pr ventwherein the homogenizing chamber is an 111g the formation of lumps. as ranged partly in side elevation and partly in The uescrlbecl apparatus works as t lso sectiontaken on line d of Fig. 2; and lows: 'llhe material to bedried emerges from, Fig, 2 is a view of said apparatus partly in he drymg drum B thr ughthe opening 5 in front elevation and partly in section taken a st-ill incompletely dry state,'and enters the on line 61-?) of Fig. 1. lower portion of the chamber A which is so The homogenizing chamber A is located arranged in due C, through which flue the as in the flue C through which the hot air and heating gases, together wlth the condensed condensed steam escape from the drier id, steam or hot" air are exhausted by the ear and it consists of a fixedly arranged tube in hauster G in the ordinary manner, Thus the lower straight part of whlch a feed the aforesaid chamber is arranged in the screw 2 is provided, the lower end of said path traveled by the hot waste gases escaploo screw being supported beneath the bottom ing from the drying apparatus, and is suitiwall 3 of the due by a stepbearing st or the ciently heated by them. in order to insure like. that the hot gases may completely circulate 'llhe tube or chamber A has an opening" 5 around and uniformly heat the entire chamof appropriate size through which the me her A up to its upper outlet or spout 3E, roe terial to be treated enters in a still incom there is arranged on each side of the curve l pletely dried condition from the drier B, part of the said chamber a partition J in which latter may be of any suitable type, as the position shown in the drawing; this parwill be understood, and is here shown as in tition serves to prevent the hot air which J as the form of a rotary drum, By means of flows upward from the drying drum from its the screw 2 which is driven, for instance, by passing directly into the upper tine section the driving gear or the drum, the material, D that communicates with the on entering the tube from the drum, is which case the horizontal upper portion of raised and conveyed or pushed into the the chamber A, together with the drying to curved upper part oi the tuba This curved material conveyed therein, would not be 115 part may be of any suitable cross-sectional suiiicicntly heated. shape and may have any preferred dimen- When the screw 2 is rotated in the proper sions relative to the lower portion. wherein direction, the drying material, while still the feed screw is located, incompletely dried and emerging in small.

In the present construction, the aforesaid quantities from the drying drum, will he 12o upper portion oi" the homogenizing chamber raised through the vertical portion of" chamhas rectangular cross-sectional shape, and her A, wherein said. screw is located, its upper wall is provided with any desired will then be delivered into the horizontal number or openings 6 having covers Z upper portion ct said chamber, to which covers may be individually controlled Duringv its passage over the curved lower by means of their levers 8. When in raised wall of that part or the chamber which con position, as indicated by the numeral 7 nects the vertical and horizontal sections, these covers serve to permit the escape or: the the material will be slightly compressed by steam generated in the tube through said reason of the friction resultant from the openings d. ldelow the outlet end of the curvature of wall, whereby a more inti 13o mate contact of the individual particles of the material with each other, and, consequently, a better homogenizing of the same, is obtained. The excess of, moisture still contained in certain parts of the material is here changed into free steam which will uniformly permeate the Whole material by reason of its tendency to escape upward and pass into the wider horizontal section of the chamber, Where the material lies in a loose and more open condition; from this section, the steam will escape through the openings 6, the'covers 7 of which have previously been raised to the proper extent. The material will thus reach the spout E in a uniformly plastic state, that is to say, completely homogenized, and is then fed through said spout in appropriate quantities in order to be submitted to the pressing operation proper; at this point, the homogenized material may, if desired, be mixed with other fodder materials.

, Where the materials to be treated have been subjected to the initial drying operation in the open air, rather than in a drum or other form of drying apparatus, they may be fed into that port-ion of the chamber wherein the screw is located in any suitable manner, the construction of the flue and chamber being the same as that above described. The flue and chamber may, in such instance, be supplied with heat from any desired source, and the positive suction fan or exhauster-may if preferred,'be replaced by a simple vent-i ator of conventional type, illustration thereof being considered unnecessary.

I claim as my invention:

The process of manufacturing cakes from agricultural fodder material which consists in subjecting the material to an initial dry ing operation, interrupting'the initial drying operation at a point when the treated material is partially dry and brittle and partially moist and plastic, subjecting the operation in a receptacle in the presence of plastic, and finally pressing the plastic mate'rial into cakes. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

, EDUARD WURL.

Witnesses;

FRIEDRICH CUMrELIRs, AnoLrB: Frsomm.

45 partially dried material to a further drying 

